If my character studied mathematics, it would be perfectly fine if they understood what an integral(calculus) is or equations for probability.
But suppose my character was solving a mathematical problem and it was a difficult problem that would need a calculator and scratch paper.
Provided that my character has a paper, pencil, and a calculator in-game(a computer, a program on a device, a handheld calculator, etc) would this excuse me to use comparable OOC technology to work the problem for my character?
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And expanding this example to other similar scenarios.