It's not just a punching down or UE issue I feel, although that certainly plays the the biggest especially for 'mix' antagonists. I haven't been nearly as long as other players but we've recentley seen a successful topside antagonist with definetly an amount of resources required to help push the narrative forward, still leave the game.
It's a combination of the OOC players mentality and the environment around them. I do think sometimes people blur the lines of ooc and ic treatment, perhaps not on purpose. But this is how it may seem to people who roleplay antagonists. But just because someone does horrible things icly, or even says horrible stuff on pubsic. This doesn't mean that the player behind said character actually thinks this or is some psycho on a power fantasy. Simmilarly, if a character does bad things to you, it doesn't mean they OOCLY hate you. Although it seems obvious, I do think alot of people don't understand that.
When you play the role of a dome-wide villain, characters will of course hate you. And some people who might not be that good at separating IC and OOC feelings may end up not liking you oocly because of how you play your character, although it's not always the case. You can sometimes tell with how people interact on BGBB and such.
In such cases even the most equipped villain who's actually succeeding at moving the plot forward might actually stop enjoying themselves, because they feel like everyone oocly hates them or is secretly judging them, even staff (which is probably never the case).
Since the inception of my character, they have constantly been antagonizing people and pissing people off. And I do also realize that while their vat numbers are much higher compared to others characters and i've certainly lost alot, I have had an extremely fun time roleplaying with characters that ICLY hate mines guts. Rarely I am shown lenience when I fuck up and get caught, other times not. That will always be how the game is I think.
TL;DR You will always die and lose gear. And even if you're successful, the feeling of having OOC animosity towards you may still be enough to drive you out. It's important we teach each other that this is just a roleplaying game in the end and we dont wish any ill towards others behind the screen. This can be by roleplaying with the people you intend to kill, sometimes speaking in accents can help feed into the immersion. I think that rampage event helped with the OOC/IC divide for example. I also think if we encourage such an environment, where we realize that the other character is just a player trying to have a good time and we aren't in an OOC competition to see who can win the most, co-operative competition will naturally follow.