Conceptually, taking out a loan with a corp shouldn't offer too much money without GM oversight (5-10kc). Players in positions such as PR (branding it as a 'grant', possibly) could handle accepting or denying loans, while corporate security handles collections.
Topside corporations should automatically refuse to take applications from corporate citizens, while syndicates should grant loans to just about anyone, incentivizing corpies to secretly head to Red if they need some money.
The ultimate goal is getting players to utilize loan forgiveness. Like reimbursements but in reverse, players can enter a reason to shave off debt from the loan for services rendered into the terminal for approval by their superiors, much like a reimbursement.
Since it's player-operated, there shouldn't be abuse regarding taking loans from dormant factions, as there would be none to process the applications. The terminals can present a list of overdue loans to employees, and it's their job to pursue closure of the loans through either clone death or payment of late fees through the same system, incentivizing extracting services from the indebted to spur intrigue plots.